Abdul hamid ii biography templates
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Abdulhamid II: An autocrat, reformer and the last stand of the Ottoman Empire
Abdulhamid II is one of the most controversial and divisive figures in modern Turkish history. His detractors call him the "kizil sultan" (the red sultan) after the blood they hold him responsible for shedding.
Supporters of the Ottoman sultan call him Ulu Hakan (the great Khan), for his assertive leadership style that echoed the methods of his ancestors.
However, many secularists believe he was an autocrat who held Turkey back from modernising alongside its European neighbours. They call him an Islamist because he focused his efforts on creating a pan-Islamic identity across the Ottoman Empire instead of one rooted in Turkish identity.
But despite these criticisms, there’s no escaping the fact that the Ottomans underwent a great transformation under Abdulhamid II.
Under his rule, new schools were established to train the Ottoman elite in western ways of thinking.
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At the same time, the sultan reinvented the institution of the caliphate in a bid to unite his Muslim subjects of various ethnicities under the umbrella of a m
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Sultan Abdülhamid II, a life that influenced a century
Wednesday marked the day of Sultan Abdülhamid II’s death in 1918. More than a century, 103 years to be exact, has passed since the sultan’s death, but the influence of the groundbreaking reformist sultan who ruled and kept the ailing Ottoman Empire strong for 33 years, can still be felt in modern institutions of the republic.
According to historical sources, Abdülhamid II, the son of Sultan Abdülmecid, was born in Istanbul on Sept. 21, 1842. Growing up in the Ottoman palace, he was fluent in many languages, including French, Arabic and Persian. His childhood and youth coincided with the “Tanzimat,” a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began in 1839.
Abdülhamid's 33-year reign began on Aug. 31, 1876, as the empire was in dire straits amid threats both at home and abroad. The same year of his ascension, he signed the empire's first written constitution, known as the “Kanun-i Esasi,” on Dec. 23, laying the foundations for constitutional government.
Excelling at foreign policy, he closely followed political developments across the globe with his main goal being to secure peace for the empire. He sought to strengthen the Ottomans' relations with the Islamic world, making this a fundamental policy.