Agenda serissima spinoza biography

  • In the first chapters of the Political Treatise Spinoza's main target is the natural right tradition, as revived by Hugo Grotius (1583–1645).
  • Philosopher Clare Carlisle and novelist Kathy O'Shaughnessy discuss what they have learned about the real George Eliot through their.
  • This article will focus on a series of inquisitorial cases that were prosecuted in the Italian peninsula between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.

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    The Fall from Grace: Religious Skepticism and Sexuality in the Early Modern Mediterranean World

    Abstract

    This article explores the relationship between skepticism and sexual nonconformity in Italy from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. In the inquisitorial cases under examination, the praise of sexual freedom was supported by a heretical re-reading of the myth of the Fall from Grace. The criticism of religious deception is the link between sexual freedom and skepticism: these dissenters accused the elites of enforcing a morality based on a reward in the afterlife to keep people under control. Although these ideas have been mostly associated with seventeenth-century erudite libertines, this research shows them emerging almost a century before, in cross-class environments where forbidden books circulated widely. The article will explore how the written word was creatively re-appropriated in these composite social contexts, analyzing the influence of a Mediterranean tradition of radical doubt that cut across the boundaries dividing the three Abrahamic faiths. In particular, it will focus on the cultural exchanges between Christianity and Islam.

    Introduction

    This article will focus on a series of inquisitorial cases that were prosecuted in the I

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    Mercati ex Machina: Economic Prosperity and Decline in Early Modern Jewish Political Thought

    The foundations of a vigorous economy, the influence of trade on politics, the importance of religious tolerance for economic success, and the deleterious repercussions of religious conflict have been issues of enduring importance in European political thought since the Renaissance. One political thinker who set the tenor for responses to these questions was Giovanni Botero (1544–1617), a Piedmontese ex-Jesuit who rose to fame for his endeavor to harmonize Niccolò Machiavelli’s (1469–1527) political teachings with the principles of the Christian faith, thus generating a new line of political thinking generally subsumed under the rubric “reason of state” (ragion di stato). Another key aspect of Botero’s political and economic theory, as developed in his On the Causes of the Greatness and Magnificence of Cities and colored by his experience serving the Church and various Italian and Spanish rulers, concerns the principal factors that promote the greatness, magnificence, and economic glory of the state.

    While previous literature has noted affinities between Botero’s ideas and early modern Jewish perceptions of political and economic greatness and decline, the main thrust of this e

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